Signed

Everyone who touched this wall left their name.

Web defacement is unusual among attack types in one respect: the attacker wants to be seen. No lateral movement, no quiet exfiltration, no careful persistence. They get in, replace the homepage with something of their own — a political message, a crew tag, proof of access — and make sure you notice. In the early internet, defacement counts were kept like scoreboards. Groups competed for numbers. A government homepage was a trophy.

The mistake is treating it as cosmetic. "Only the homepage was changed. Nothing was stolen." That assessment starts from the wrong place. The attacker reached production. They had credentials, or found an unpatched panel, or walked through a door someone left open. The defacement is what they chose to show you. It says nothing about what else they did while they were there.

The wall in this frame has been rewritten so many times there's no original surface left. You can't restore it. You can only work from where it is now — which is what incident response usually looks like, too.